Presentation on the beginning of human history 4. Presentation on the topic "the beginning of human history"

Slide 3

Almost 2.5 thousand years have passed since a Greek named Herodotus first introduced people to his scientific work “History”. He became the first scientist-historian. We call him the "father of history."

Slide 4

Epochs of history

Scientists divide human history into several large eras.

Slide 5

The first and longest was primitive history. The people who lived then were called primitive. There is still no exact answer when they appeared on Earth. Most scientists believe that the earliest people appeared over 2 million years ago.

Slide 6

How did people learn about primitive people?

Archaeologists carry out excavations, extract from the ground the things of ancient people, their bones. Scientists believe that the most ancient people, “traces” of which were found in Africa and Asia, lived more than a million years ago. Based on the remains of the skeletons of ancient people, it was possible to establish what they looked like.

Slide 7

The earliest man was very different from modern man; he looked like a large ape, but walked on two legs. The arms were long, hanging down to the knees. The foreheads were low and sloping. The ancient man could not yet speak, he made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed anger and fear, called for help and warned each other about danger.

Slide 8

Ancient people lived where it was always warm. Therefore, they did not need to worry about warm clothes. It was impossible to cope with the difficulties of life alone, so people lived together in groups, helping each other.

Slide 9

Most of the time of primitive people was spent searching for food. Women and children picked fruits from trees, found edible roots, and looked for bird and turtle eggs. And the men got meat by hunting. At that time, mammoths lived on earth.

Slide 10

Even at that time, primitive art existed. Images of animals - bulls, horses, mammoths - were discovered on the walls in the depths of the caves. Primitive people depicted animals, since people’s lives depended on the successful hunting of these animals.

Slide 11

The drawings are located deep in the caves in complete darkness. Primitive artists could not do without lighting. Apparently, they used torches or “lamps” - stone ladles filled with fat, which burns well.

Slide 12

Primitive history lasted hundreds of thousands of years. During this time, people populated all continents except Antarctica. They appeared on the territory of our country about half a million years ago.

PRESENTATION "THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN HISTORY"

Performed:

primary school teacher

MBOU Buturlinovskaya Secondary School

Ustimenko Yu.A.

Ancient Greek historian Herodotus

Almost 2.5 thousand years ago, a Greek scientist named Herodotus first introduced people to his scientific work, which he called “HISTORY”

HUMAN HISTORY:

Primitive history

Ancient world history

History of the Middle Ages

History of modern times

History of modern times

PRIMITIVE WORLD

Today in class we Let's talk about the Ancient World, About the life of our distant ancestors, Let's talk about their way of life.

How they lived in stone caves And they went after the prey. And in the evenings by the fire They were cutting a stick for a spear.

Fruits and roots were collected They caught fish for food How they protected and took care of Holy fire from trouble!

PRIMITIVE WORLD

In the distant stone age A man lived in a cave. He got his own food And the hearth was protected from the beast.

Every day he went hunting, he sewed clothes from the skin. And in the evening by the fire Repairing the tip of a spear. Collected roots and fruits And the fire protected from harm.

Ancient people (Neanderthals) lived not only in areas with a warm climate, but also in harsh conditions. Ancient people knew how to not only maintain, but also make fire. In warm climates, they settled along river banks, under rock overhangs.

In the cold - in caves that were conquered from cave bears, lions, hyenas. The cave in which the fire was burning reliably protected both from the cold and from attacks by predatory animals.

LIFE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLE

Ancient man was engaged in hunting, gathering, farming, fishing, and keeping fire.

Stone is the basis of all human culture.

A spark flew out of the stone, which ignited a bright flame that led man out of the darkness of primitive times.

The stone was man's first assistant and the first symbol of his power, his first working tool and a formidable weapon.

With the help of stone, man began to conquer the world.

Find the distinctive features of primitive man from more modern man.

A man who lived forty thousand years ago

A man who lived about a million years ago

PRIMITIVE MAN CHANGED OVER THE CENTURIES

Man differs from animals: straightening of the figure, enlargement of the brain matter, reduction of the facial region, development of movements and individual fingers, unification of human ancestors into a primitive society, thinking.

This process is called humanization.

The emergence of people of the modern physical type (Homo sapiens), who replaced ancient people, occurred relatively recently, about 50 thousand years ago. Fossil remains of modern humans were discovered in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Several skeletons of people of this type were discovered in the Cro-Magnon Grotto in France. Modern humans are called Cro-Magnons based on the location where fossils were found. In our country, unique discoveries of these people were made around Voronezh and Vladimir.

DRAWINGS OF ANCIENT MAN

SECRET RITE IN THE CAVE

THE HUNT OF PRIMITIVE MAN

LET'S SUM UP

1) Where did ancient people settle?

2) What animals did they conquer caves from?

3) What scared the wild animals away?

4) When does a person become a person?

5) What are people of the modern physical type called?

6) What were the first tools made of?

• The continent on which the first sites were discovered

ancient people?

• A hunting tool that appeared among the very first species

ancient people.

• Divide people's occupations into 2 groups: gathering,

hunting, farming, crafts, fishing, keeping fire,

trade, cattle breeding. Select the activities of ancient people

Sections: Primary School

Lesson objectives:

1. give students an idea of ​​primitive people;
2. develop horizons, speech and memory in learning
3. cultivate interest in history.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

The lesson begins
It will be useful for the guys,
Try to understand everything
Interesting to know.

II. Introductory conversation.

Today we will begin studying the second book, “The World Around Us.” Open the table of contents and see what we will study in this book? (Children's answers. History)

Little son came to his father
And the little one asked:
“Is it good to know history, or is it bad?”

What is history? (Children's answers. History is the science of the past. History studies how different peoples lived, what events took place.)

Slide 1 “History is the science of the past.”

History is a science that studies how different peoples lived, what events took place in their lives, how and why people’s lives changed and became the way they are now. History is a very ancient word. Translated from Greek, it means “research, a story about the events of the past.”

Slide 2 “Ancient Greek scientist Herodotus.”

Almost 2.5 thousand years have passed since a Greek named Herodotus first introduced people to his scientific work. Herodotus called his work “History”, he became the first scientist-historian, we call him “the father of history”. History teaches us justice and helps us take a fresh look at the world around us.

History is a journey through time. It goes back centuries, into hoary antiquity.

And today we begin our journey along this road.

Slide 3 “History of Humanity.”

The history of mankind can be divided into several large eras:

Primitive history;
- ancient world history;
- history of the Middle Ages;
- history of modern times;
- history of modern times.

III. New topic.

Slide 4. The beginning of human history.

Read the topic of the lesson. What do you think will be discussed? (Children’s answers. About our ancestors, about primitive people.)

Slide 5. The primitive world.

Today we will go on a journey through the primitive world. What you need to know:

1. Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
2. Find the distinctive features of primitive man from modern man.

How did people learn about primitive people? (Children's answers. Scientists are excavating, extracting from the ground things of ancient people, their bones.)
- Who knows what the scientists who carry out excavations are called? (Children’s answers. By archaeologists.)

Archeology is the science of antiquity. It studies the history of society through the remains of people's lives and activities. Scientists believe that the most ancient people, “traces” of which were found in Africa and Asia, lived more than a million years ago. Based on the remains of the skeletons of ancient people, it was possible to establish what they looked like.

Slide 6-13. Primitive man who lived about a million years ago.

The earliest man was very different from you and me - modern people - and looked like a large ape. However, people did not walk on four legs, as almost all animals walk, but on two legs, but at the same time they leaned forward greatly. The man’s hands, hanging down to his knees, were free, and he could do simple work with them: grab, hit, dig the ground. People's foreheads were low and sloping. Their brains were larger than those of apes, but significantly smaller than those of modern humans. The ancient man could not yet speak; he made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed anger and fear, called for help and warned each other about danger.

IV. Physical education minute.

Watch the video “The Origin of Man.”

Work in groups. The first group, “young historians,” receive an assignment.

Look at the pictures on page 5. Find the distinctive features of primitive man from modern man.
- Read the text on pages 4-6 and try to answer the question. Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
- Second group (gifted children). Write a story about primitive man.

V. Consolidation of what has been learned.

Why did primitive people live in groups? (Children's answers: It was impossible to cope with the difficulties of life alone.)
- Why didn’t they need to worry about warm clothes? (Children's answers. They lived where it was always warm.)
- Why did primitive people build houses? (Children's answers. They needed houses in order to protect themselves from scorching sun rays, bad weather, and predators.)
- Why did they make tools? (Children's answers. Butcher, cut the skin of an animal)
-What did the men do? (We went hunting and fishing.)
-What did the women do? (They picked fruits from trees, looked for eggs of birds and turtles, dug up edible roots, collected what nature gave them.)
- Why did primitive artists paint animals? (People’s lives depended on successful hunting of these animals.)

A story about primitive man.

Example story:

The earliest man was very different from modern man; he looked like a large ape, but walked on two legs. The arms were long, hanging down to the knees. The foreheads were low and sloping. The ancient man could not yet speak; he made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed anger and fear, called for help and warned each other about danger.

We lived where it was always warm. Therefore, they did not need to worry about warm clothes. Houses were built to protect themselves from the weather and predators. Most of the time of primitive people was spent searching for food. Women and children picked fruits from trees, found edible roots, and looked for bird and turtle eggs. And the men got meat by hunting. At that time, mammoths lived on earth.

What was the life of people like at the end of primitive history? (People not only engaged in hunting and fishing, but also began to engage in agriculture and cattle breeding. They taught
They tried to build strong houses, make tools, sew clothes, make pottery).

Hunting and gathering occupied a very important place in the life of primitive people. But the success of hunting and gathering depends on the vagaries of nature: either a forest fire will destroy trees with edible fruits and drive away animals, or drought will destroy the grass that gave people edible grain. And then one day the women noticed that in the place where grains were usually ground on a stone grater, spikelets with the same grains grew. They guessed that it was randomly scattered grains that had sprouted. We tried to scatter the grains on purpose - it worked, and how: where one grain fell, a whole spikelet grew, or even several. Now it was possible to grow grain near the house, and not wander through forests and meadows in search. It happened that men, having killed, for example, a wild pig while hunting, brought home the remaining piglets. They placed the cubs in a pen, fed them, raised them, and it turned out that now failure in the hunt is not scary for people: here it is, food - in the pen near the house. This is how agriculture and cattle breeding arose, and people began to depend less on the vagaries of nature.

VI. Lesson summary.

Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
- How does primitive man differ from modern man?
- Children, what interesting things can you tell your loved ones about primitive man?

Homework: Write a story about primitive man.

What is history? History is a science that studies how different peoples lived, what events took place in their lives, how and why people’s lives changed and became the way they are now. History is a science that studies how different peoples lived, what events took place in their lives, how and why people’s lives changed and became the way they are now.

“Father of History” History translated from Greek means “research, a story about the events of the past.” History translated from Greek means “research, a story about the events of the past.” Almost 2.5 years ago, a Greek named Geradot first introduced people to his scientific work “History” Almost 2.5 years ago a Greek named Geradot first introduced people to his scientific work “History”

The earliest man The most ancient man looked like a large ape. The earliest man looked like a large ape. The man's arms hung down to his knees, and he could perform simple actions with them. The man's arms hung down to his knees, and he could perform simple actions with them.

The most ancient man The foreheads were low and sloping. The foreheads were low and sloping. Their brains were larger than those of apes, but smaller than those of modern humans. Their brains were larger than those of apes, but smaller than those of modern humans. The ancient man could not speak; he made abrupt sounds. The ancient man could not speak; he made abrupt sounds.