Principles of systematics. Topic: Diversity of the organic world
1. Diversity of organisms
Tasks with solutions
1. An intermediate position between invertebrates and vertebrates is occupied by
1. Stingrays
2 Sharks
3. Lancelets
4. Tuataria
Explanation: stingrays and sharks are cartilaginous fish, tuataria are a subclass of reptiles, and the lancelet occupies an intermediate position. The correct answer is 3.
2. Kind of chamomile pharmacy combines
1. A variety of flowering plants
2. Many similar populations
3. Related genera of plants
4. Plants of the same natural community
Explanation: the species is subdivided into populations, which are elementary units of evolution (that is, from them, potentially, new species will arise in the process of evolution). The correct answer is 2.
3. Establish the sequence of subordination of systematic categories in animals, starting with the smallest.
1. Wolf (canine)
2. Mammals
3. Common fox
4. Predatory
5. Chordates
6. Fox
Explanation: classification of animals looks like this: type → class → order → family → genus → species. Type - chordates, class - mammals, order - carnivores, family - wolf (canine), genus - fox, species - common fox. But we need the reverse order (since from the smallest category). The correct answer is 361425.
1. Weasel and ermine belong to the order of predatory mammals, since
1. These are small animals with a long narrow body on short legs.
2. They have well-developed fangs and molars
3. They have well-developed hairline with undercoat
4. They have a protective body coloration
Answer: 2.
2. The main task of taxonomy is the study
1. Stages of the historical development of organisms
2. Relations between organisms and the environment
3. Adaptability of organisms to living conditions
4. Varieties of organisms and the establishment of their relationship
Answer: 4.
3. The initial unit of systematics of organisms -
1. View
2. Genus
3. Population
4. Individual
Answer: 1.
4. The correct classification scheme for plants:
1. Species → genus → family → class → department
2. Species → family → genus → class → department
3. Species → department → class → genus → family
4. Species → class → division → genus → family
Answer: 1.
5. Establish a sequence of systematic categories characteristic of the plant kingdom, starting with the smallest.
1. Angiosperms
2. Nightshade
3. Dicotyledons
4. Black nightshade
5. Nightshade
Answer: 45231.
6. Establish a sequence that reflects the systematic position of the cabbage whitefish species in the classification of animals, starting with the smallest group.
1. Insects
2. Cabbage white
3. Lepidoptera
4. Arthropods
5. Whites
Answer: 25314.
7. Establish the sequence of systematic groups of animals, starting with the smallest.
1. Mammals
2. Mustelids
3. Forest marten
4. Martens
5. Chordates
6. Predatory
Answer: 342615.
2. Kingdom of bacteria.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Soil environment
2. Aquatic environment
3. Air environment
4. Another organism
2. Chemosynthetic bacteria are
1. Iron bacteria
2. Bacteria fermentation
3. Lactic acid bacteria
4. Blue-green (cyanobacteria)
Explanation: chemosynthetics are organisms that obtain energy through the processing of inorganic substances (compounds of iron, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.). Lactic acid and fermentation bacteria break down sugars, while cyanobacteria are photosynthetic. The correct answer is 1.
3. Why are bacteria isolated in a special kingdom?
1. Bacteria do not have a formed nucleus, mitochondria
2. A bacterial cell does not have cytoplasm and ribosomes
3. Among them there are only unicellular forms
Explanation: bacteria are isolated in a separate kingdom because they differ too much from other organisms in many ways (lack of membrane organelles, circular DNA, extrachromosomal genetic material, cell wall structure, and many others). The correct answer is 1.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Which lifestyle group does the bacterium dysentery bacilli belong to?
3. Symbionts
4. Autotrophs
Answer: 2.
2. A group of bacteria living in commonwealth with other organisms is
2 Symbionts
3. Consumers
Answer: 2.
3. Nodule bacteria, according to the method of nutrition, are classified as
1. Chemotrophs
2. Heterotrophs
3. Autotrophs
Answer: 2.
4. What bacteria improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants?
1. Fermentation
2. Nodule
3. Acetic acid
Answer: 2.
5. Life on Earth is impossible without the circulation of substances, in which bacteria and fungi play a role
1. Producers of organic substances
2. Destroyers of organic matter
3. Energy source for other organisms
4. Source of nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide
Answer: 2.
6. What is a white fluffy coating that forms during long-term storage of bread and other products?
1. Lichen thallus
2. Plant spores
3. Mold mycelium
4. A colony of bacteria
Answer: 3.
7. Under adverse conditions, bacteria form
1. Gametes
2. Zygotes
3. Disputes
4. Zoospores
Answer: 3.
8. Why are bacteria classified as prokaryotes?
1. They don't have a cytoplasm or cell wall
2. They don't have a formalized core
3. Their body is made up of one cell
4. They are microscopic
Answer: 2.
9. What process is absent in pathogenic bacteria?
1. Breath
2. Photosynthesis
3. Reproduction
4. Selection
Answer: 2.
3. Kingdom of mushrooms.
Tasks with solutions
1. For nutrition, saprotrophic fungi use
1. Air nitrogen
2. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
3. Organic matter of dead bodies
4. Organic substances that they themselves create in the process of photosynthesis
Explanation: saprotrophs decompose organisms, respectively, the correct answer is 3.
2. What is mycorrhiza?
1. Mushroom root
2. Plant root system
3. Mycelium that has spread in the soil
4. Threads of the fungus that form the fruiting body
Explanation: Mycorrhiza is a symbiosis of a fungus and a plant (tree). The correct answer is 1.
3. Fungal cells, unlike bacterial cells, have
1. Cytoplasm
2. Plasma membrane
3. Core
4. Ribosomes
Explanation: Bacterial cells do not have a formed nucleus (nuclear membrane), while bacterial cells do not. The correct answer is 3.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Tinder fungus living on a birch,
1. Improves the nitrogen nutrition of the tree
2. Destroys tree tissue, using organic matter for nutrition
3. Improves the tree's absorption of water and minerals from the soil
4. Provides the tree with organic matter
Answer: 2.
2. Mushrooms, unlike plants,
1. Reproduce with spores
2. They do not have a cellular structure
3. Not capable of photosynthesis
4. They have a shaped nucleus in the cell
Answer: 3.
3. The cell membrane of most fungi contains
1. Chitin
2. Cellulose
3. Fiber
4. Glycogen
Answer: 1.
4. What do fungi and bacteria have in common?
1. The presence of cytoplasm with organelles and a nucleus with chromosomes
2. Asexual reproduction using spores
3. Their destruction of organic substances to inorganic
4. Existence as unicellular and multicellular organisms
Answer: 3.
5. Mushrooms have long been considered plants, since they
1. Have a similar cellular structure with plants
2. Stationary, growing throughout life
3. Belong to the group of heterotrophic organisms
4. Have a similar metabolic process
Answer: 2.
6. Mycelium of porcini mushrooms, settling on birch roots, receives from it
1. Minerals
2. Organic matter
3. Phosphorus compounds
4. Sulfur compounds
Answer: 2.
7. What is the role of fungi in the cycle of substances in nature?
1. Form proteins from inorganic substances
2. Synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
3. Destroy organic residues
4. Release oxygen into the atmosphere
Answer: 3.
8. What are the nutritional features of cap mushrooms?
1. In the mycelium, organic substances are synthesized from inorganic
2. Use ready-made organic substances
3. Absorb water and salt from the soil by rhizoids
4. Photosynthesis occurs in the cells of the upper layers of the cap
Answer: 2.
9. Fungi, compared to bacteria, have a higher level of organization, since
1. Their cells have a dense shell
2. According to the way they feed, they are heterotrophs
3. Their cells have a well-formed nucleus
4. Their spores endure adverse conditions
Answer: 3.
10. What is the difference between fungi and bacteria?
1. Make up a group of nuclear organisms (eukaryotes)
2. Relate to heterotrophic organisms
3. Reproduce by spores
4. Unicellular and multicellular organisms
5. When breathing, use the oxygen of the air
6. Participate in the cycle of substances in the ecosystem
Answer: 134.
11. Establish a correspondence between the characteristic and the group of mushrooms to which it belongs
Characteristic Mushroom group
A. Form fruit cases 1. Hat
B. Form at the ends of hyphae 2. Mold
heads with spores
B. Develop on food
D. Used to obtain
antibiotics
D. Enter into symbiosis with plant roots
Answer: 12221.
4. Plant kingdom
Tasks with solutions
1. Tuber and bulb are
1. Organs of soil nutrition
2. Modified shoots
3. Generative organs
4. Rudimentary shoots
Explanation: a tuber is a modified shortened shoot of a plant, a bulb is a modified, as a rule, underground shoot of a plant. The correct answer is 2.
2. The embryo with a supply of nutrients is part of
1. Disputes
2. Semen
3. Kidneys
4. Overgrown
Explanation: the embryo with a supply of nutrients is part of the seed (to nourish the plant germ in the first period of life). The correct answer is 2.
3. Plants, unlike organisms in other kingdoms,
1. Have a cellular structure
2. Contain chloroplasts in cells
3. Have different organs and tissues
4. Reproduce with spores
Explanation: the vast majority of plants are green (contains chloroplasts). The correct answer is 2.
4. In the process of respiration, plants are provided
1. Energy
2. Water
3. Organic matter
4. Minerals
Explanation: plants, like all other organisms, breathe and during this process energy is released. The correct answer is 1.
5. The generative organ - a flower - is available in
2. Ferns
3. Angiosperms
4. Lycopods
Explanation: the presence of a flower and a fruit are the hallmarks of angiosperms; other groups do not have such organs. The correct answer is 3.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Elements of the conductive system of the leaf, consisting of non-living cells, -
1. Sieve tubes
2. Fiber
3. Vessels
4. Cambium cells
Answer: 3.
2. The growth of a woody stem in length occurs due to division and growth
1. Cambium cells
2. Sieve tubes
3. Cells of the apex of the stem
4. Cells at the base of the stem
Answer: 3.
3. Root hairs provide
1. Root growth in thickness
2. Root growth in length
3. Protection of the root from contact with the soil
4. Absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil by the root
Answer: 4.
4. Plant growth occurs due to the division, growth and differentiation of tissue cells
1. Integumentary
2. Mechanical
3. Photosynthetic
4. Educational
Answer: 4.
5. What is the role of leguminous plants in nature?
1. Serve as food for humans
2. They are consumers in the natural community
3. Form the lower tier in the natural community
4. Enrich the soil with nitrogen salts
Answer: 4.
6. Through the stomata of plants occurs
1. Gas exchange
2. Transport of mineral salts
3. Transport of organic matter
4. Heat generation
Answer: 1.
7. The suction zone of the root consists of
1. Sieve cells
2. Root cap
3. Root hairs
4. Vascular cells
Answer: 3.
8. What plant tissue is involved in the evaporation process?
1. Integumentary
2. Mechanical
3. Main
4. Educational
Answer: 1.
9. All plants - from algae to angiosperms - have
1. Cell structure
2. Fabrics
3. Stem with leaves
4. Conducting system
Answer: 1.
10. Pollen from flowering plants is formed in
1. Ovule
2. Stigma
3. Stamens
4. Pestle ovaries
Answer: 3.
11. Chloroplasts play an important role in the lives of most
1. Bacteria
2. Invertebrates
3. Cap mushrooms
4. Plants
Answer: 4.
12. What feature is characteristic only for the plant kingdom?
1. Form polymers from monomers
3. Have a cellulose cell wall
Answer: 3.
13. An underground shoot differs from a root in that it has
1. Kidney
2. Growth zones
3. Vessels
4. Kora
Answer: 1.
14. For the organisms of which kingdom is soil and air nutrition typical?
1. Mushrooms
2. Bacteria
3. Plants
4. Animals
Answer: 3.
15. Water and minerals come from the root to the leaves along
1. Loubou
2. Wood
3. Core
4. Traffic jam
Answer: 2.
16. Escape - a vegetative organ formed
1. Top of the stem
2. Internodes and nodes
3. Rudimentary leaves
4. Stem with leaves and buds
Answer: 4.
17. What are the features of plants pollinated by insects?
1. Have nectaries and brightly colored perianths
2. Grow in groups, forming thickets or groves
3. Bloom before the leaves bloom or simultaneously with their appearance
4. Have inconspicuous small flowers collected in inflorescences
Answer: 1.
18. A modified escape is
1. Rhizome
2. Mushroom root
3. Root tuber
4. Root crop
Answer: 1.
19. What are the characteristics of plants?
1. Limited growth
2. Lifelong growth
3. Autotrophic mode of nutrition
4. Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
5. The presence of fiber in cell membranes
6. Presence of chitin in cell membranes
Answer: 235.
20. Establish the sequence of zones (plots) at the root, starting from the top.
1. Venue
2. Division zone
3. Suction zone
4. Growth zone
Answer: 2431.
5. Variety of plants.
Tasks with solutions
1. The complication of ferns in comparison with algae is the appearance in them
1. Cell structure
2. Chloroplast
3. Tissues and organs
4. Photosynthesis
Explanation: algae do not have tissues, all algae is a thallus - thallus, ferns are already undergoing tissue differentiation. The correct answer is 3.
2. Higher plants are different from lower ones
1. Dismemberment of the body into organs
2. The presence of thallus
3. Vegetative propagation
4. Reproduction by spores
Explanation: lower plants are algae, their body is not divided into organs, but is a thallus (thallus), while higher plants already have a differentiation of tissues and bodies into organs. The correct answer is 1.
3. Plants of the angiosperm department, unlike gymnosperms,
1. Have a root, stem, leaves
2. Have a flower and a fruit
3. Propagated by seeds
4. Release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis
Explanation: A distinctive feature of angiosperms is the presence of a fruit and a flower. The correct answer is 2.
4. Mosses have the simplest structure among higher plants, since they have
1. No roots
2. Stem with narrow leaves
3. A lot of spores are formed
4. There are air cells
Explanation: mosses have a stem, form spores, do not have air cells, do not have roots, but only rhizoids (root-like structures). The correct answer is 1.
5. The main feature by which plants are grouped into families is structural features
1. Semen
2. Flower and fruit
3. Leaves and stem
4. Root system
Explanation: each family is characterized by its own flower formula and fruit characteristics (this applies only to angiosperms, since they are the only ones that have these structures). The correct answer is 2.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Ferns, unlike angiosperms, do not have
1. Conducting system
2. Flowers and fruits
3. Chloroplasts in cells
4. Epidermis with stomata
Answer: 2.
2. Plants of which group formed coal deposits?
1. Bryophytes
2. Ferns
3. Flowering
4 Ancient Algae
Answer: 2.
3. Fern plants, unlike flowering plants, reproduce using
1. Dispute
2. Roots
3. Budding
4. Root tubers
Answer: 1.
4. Algae, unlike bryophytes,
1. Have an integumentary tissue
2. Synthesize organic substances from inorganic
3. They reproduce sexually
4. I have a thallus
Answer: 4.
5. What features are characteristic of the class of monocotyledonous angiosperms?
1. Fibrous root system, arcuate venation of leaves
2. Tap root system, four-membered flowers
3. Development with alternation of generations
4. The presence of double fertilization
Answer: 1.
6. By what signs can gymnosperms be recognized?
1. Have fruits and seeds
2. Sex cells mature in the cone
3. Bloom in spring, before the leaves bloom
4. Have xylem and phloem
Answer: 2.
7. Why are flowering plants classified as higher plants?
1. They live in the ground-air environment
2. Their body is made up of tissues and organs
3. Their body is a cluster of cells - a thallus
4. In their development cycle, the asexual generation is replaced by the sexual
Answer: 2.
8. Indicate a feature that is characteristic only for the plant kingdom
1. Have a cellular structure
2. Breathe, eat, grow, multiply
3 They Have Photosynthetic Tissue
4. They feed on ready-made organic matter
Answer: 3.
9. On what basis do mosses belong to the plant kingdom?
1. In the process of respiration, mosses consume organic matter
2. Mosses contain chloroplasts in their cells, in which photosynthesis takes place
3. Moss cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, outer cell membrane
4. Mosses have a cellular structure and are formed by various tissues
Answer: 2.
10. For the class of monocots, unlike dicots, it is characteristic
1. The presence of a fruit that protects seeds from adverse conditions
2. The presence of flowers of a three-membered type with a simple perianth
3. Double fertilization and development of seeds and ovule
4. Distribution of fruits, seeds by wind, insects, water
Answer: 2.
11. Dicot plants, unlike monocots, have
1. Net venation of leaves
2. Fibrous root system
3. Three-membered flowers
4. Stem-straw
Answer: 1.
12. Coniferous plants do not have
1. Pollen grains
2. Ovules
3. Seeds
4. Fruits
Answer: 1.
13. The main feature by which flowering plants belong to one class is
1. The structure of the fetus
2. The structure of the seed
3. Method of reproduction
4. Cohabitation
Answer: 2.
14. Conifers, unlike ferns, have
1. Gametes
2. Roots
3. Fruits
4. Seeds
Answer: 4.
2. Develop from a zygote
3. They lie openly on the scales of cones
4. Develop on shoots
Answer: 3.
16. The similarity of mosses and ferns is
1. The formation of a sprout
2. Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
3. Reproduction by spores
4. Having roots
Answer: 3.
17. Establish a correspondence between the sign of plants and the department for which it is characteristic.
Sign of plants Division
A. Leafy plants, 1. Bryophytes
rootless 2. Fern-like
B. Have a well developed
conducting system
B. Some plants contain
aquifers that store water
G. The conducting system is underdeveloped,
so plant growth is limited
D. Sexual generation (gametophyte)
prevails over asexual (sporophyte)
E. Sporophyte prevails over gametophyte
Answer: 121112.
18. Establish a correspondence between the sign of plants and the department to which they belong
Sign of plants Division
A. Sexual generation - sprout 1. Ferns
B. Mainly trees and shrubs 2. Gymnosperms
B. Have an ovule
D. Form pollen
D. Sexual reproduction requires water.
Department: 12221.
19. Mosses, ka and angiosperms,
1. Have a cellular structure
2. Have roots, stems, leaves
3. Form flowers and fruits
5. Capable of Photosynthesis
6. Propagated by seeds
Answer: 145.
1. They are autotrophic organisms
2. Formed by ovules
3. Reproduce by spores
4. Do not need the presence of water during fertilization
5. In the process of life, they interact with the environment
6. Mostly have the form of trees, less often shrubs
Answer: 246.
21. Establish a correspondence between the sign of plants and the department to which it belongs
Sign of plants Division
A. Reproduction is not related to water 1. Bryophytes
B. Presence of rhizoids
D. Gametophyte dominates sporophyte
D. Representatives of the department are cuckoo flax and sphagnum
E. Representatives of the department are larch, cypress and juniper
Answer: 211112.
22. Unicellular green algae - chlamydomonas - as a representative of the plant kingdom has
1. Cell wall containing chitin
2. Cell wall containing fiber
3. Chromatophore containing chlorophyll
4. Nuclear content located in the cytoplasm without a membrane
5. Reserve substance starch
6. DNA closed in the form of a ring
Answer: 235.
23. Angiosperms differ from ferns in that
1. Have double fertilization
2. Form dry and juicy fruits
3. Have chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place
4. Have vegetative organs
5. They have flowers of different sizes, shapes, colors
6. Do not need water during germination
Answer: 125.
6. The animal kingdom.
Tasks with solutions
1. In a butterfly, after the pupal stage,
1. Egg laying
2. First generation tracks
3. Caterpillars of the second generation
4. Adult insects
Explanation: the development of insects proceeds with transformation, and after the pupal stage, the stage of an adult insect begins. The correct answer is 4.
2. What type are animals whose outer skeleton contains chitin?
1. Chordates
2. Arthropods
3. Shellfish
4. Annelids
Explanation: the external skeleton, which animals shed periodically, among the listed animals, is only in arthropods. The correct answer is 2.
3. Cell of a single-celled animal
1. Does not have an endoplasmic reticulum
2. Creates organic matter from inorganic
3. Has vacuoles with cell sap
4. Performs all the functions of a living organism
Explanation: unicellular animals (protozoa) consist of a single cell that performs all the functions of a living organism and has all the organelles of a eukaryotic cell. Their diet is both heterotrophic and autotrophic. The correct answer is 4.
4. What animal reproduces by budding?
1. White planaria
2 Freshwater Hydra
3. Earthworm
4. Large pond
Explanation: budding is a rather primitive way of reproduction, characteristic of lower organisms, for example. such as freshwater hydra. The correct answer is 2.
5. In all protozoa and invertebrates
1. The body has a cellular structure
2. Cells form tissues
3. Cells and tissues form organs
4. Organs form organ systems
Explanation: protozoa and invertebrates are composed of cells, but the body of protozoa consists of only one cell, which performs all the functions of a living organism. Therefore, protozoa have neither tissues nor organs. The correct answer is 1.
Tasks for independent solution
1. Insect larvae lack the ability to
1. Active movement
2. Sexual reproduction
3. Self-catering
4. Shedding and growth
Answer: 2.
2. The body of the coelenterates consists of
1.Single cell
2. single cell layer
3. Two layers of cells
4. Three layers of cells
Answer: 3.
3. Scales on the wings, sucking mouthparts, caterpillar larva have
1. Butterflies
2. Diptera
3. Hymenoptera
4. Beetles
Answer: 1.
4. Radiation symmetry of the body is absent in
1. Cornerot jellyfish
2. White planaria
3. Freshwater hydra
4. Red coral
Answer: 2.
5. The type of molluscs includes animals that have
1. Elongated cylindrical body, pointed at both ends
2. Body divided into similar segments
3. Chitin cover
4. Soft non-segmented body
Answer: 4.
6. In what case can the behavior of animals be called instinct?
1. Bees carry nectar and pollen to the hives
2. In response to irritation with salt, the ciliate swims to the side
3. Green euglena swims in a lighted place
4. Fish in the aquarium swim up to the feeder for tapping
Answer: 1.
7. In insects, unlike other invertebrates,
1. There are four pairs of legs on the cephalothorax, the abdomen is non-segmented
2. The limbs are attached to the cephalothorax and abdomen
3. On the head are two pairs of branched antennae
4. The body consists of three sections, three pairs of legs on the chest
Answer: 4.
1. Leukocytes
2. Red blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Lymphocytes
Answer: 2.
1. Support
2. Respiratory
3. Sexual
4. Digestion
Answer: 3.
10. Why is the freshwater hydra classified as intestinal?
1. Eats floating animals
2. Has two layers of cells: ectoderm and endoderm
3. Lives in fresh water
4. Responds to the action of irritants
Answer: 2.
11. Body cavity, mantle and shell have
1. Coelenterates
2. Shellfish
3. Clams
4. Arthropods
Answer: 3.
12. Euglena is green, unlike other protozoa,
1. Capable of photosynthesis
2. Absorbs oxygen when breathing
3. Actively moves
4. Responds to environmental changes
Answer: 1.
13. Earthworm Blood
1. Fills gaps between organs
2. Flows in the blood vessels
3. Poured into paired excretory tubes
4. From the body cavity enters the intestine
Answer: 2.
14. What mollusc is the intermediate host of the liver fluke?
1. Coil
2. Perlovitsa
3. Small pond
4. Toothless
Answer: 3.
15. The first bilaterally symmetrical three-layered animals were
1. Clams
2. Intestinal
3. Annelids
4. Flatworms
Answer: 4.
16. Intestinal animal - freshwater hydra - extracts oxygen from the water during breathing through
1. Gills
2. Blood vessels
3. Body surface
4. Light
Answer: 3.
17. Cattle become infected with the liver fluke when
1. Damage to the integument of the body
2. Grazing in meadows near fresh water
3. Top dressing with dried hay
4. Bitten by blood-sucking insects
Answer: 2.
18. Among invertebrates, only annelids have
1. Abdominal nerve cord
2. Closed circulatory system
3. Articular body
4. Bilateral symmetry of the body
Answer: 2.
19. What sign allows us to classify an ordinary amoeba as a subkingdom of protozoa?
1. Unicellular structure
2. Dwelling in the aquatic environment
3. Small size
4. Ability to move
Answer: 1.
20. Establish a correspondence between the sign of the animal and the type for which it is characteristic
Animal trait Animal type
A. Growth and development are accompanied by molting 1. Annelids
B. Body segments are approximately the same, 2. Arthropods
do not form departments
B. Body parts are different
by structure and size
D. There is a skin-muscular sac
D. Tracheal breathing
E. Covers are dense, consist of chitin
Answer: 212122.
21. Establish a correspondence between the structural feature of arthropods and the class for which it is characteristic
Structural feature Arthropod class
A. Body parts: head, chest, abdomen 1. Arachnids
B. Three pairs of walking legs 2. Insects
B. The presence of spider glands
D. Four pairs of walking legs
D. Body parts: cephalothorax, abdomen
E. The presence of antennae
Answer: 221112.
22. Establish the sequence in which the development of the bull tapeworm occurs, starting with the egg
1. Formation of an adult tapeworm in the human intestine
2. Getting a Finn along with insufficiently cooked or fried meat in the human intestine
3. The transformation of six-hooked larvae into Finns
4. Emergence of microscopic six-hooked larvae from eggs in the stomach
5. Capture by cattle of tapeworm eggs along with grass
6. Penetration of larvae into the blood, and then into the muscles
Answer: 546321.
23. Establish a correspondence between the trait of the animal and the type for which this trait is characteristic
Animal trait Type
A. The body consists of a head, 1. Annelids
torso and legs 2. Mollusks
B. The trunk forms
leathery fold - mantle
B. Closed circulatory system
D. The body cavity is divided into
segments by transverse partitions
D. Excretory organs - kidneys
Answer: 22112.
7. Chordates.
Tasks with solutions
1. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in
1. Tracheae
2. Bronchus
3. Larynx
4. Pulmonary vesicles
Explanation: mammals breathe with lungs, which are made up of alveoli (vesicles to which blood vessels fit). The correct answer is 4.
2. The heart of birds -
1. Four-chamber
2. Two-chamber
3. Three-chamber, with a septum in the ventricle
4. Three-chamber, without a septum in the ventricle
Explanation: Birds are highly developed animals, with many progressive traits such as a four-chambered heart and warm-bloodedness. The correct answer is 1.
3. In the process of evolution, the spine first appeared in
1. Lancelet
2. Arthropods
3. Amphibians
4. Pisces
Explanation: The first vertebrates are fish. The lancelet does not have a backbone. The correct answer is 4.
4. In the process of evolution, two atria in the heart first appeared in
1. Reptiles
2. Pisces
3. Amphibians
4. Skullless
Explanation: fish have a two-chambered heart - one atrium and one ventricle, while amphibians have a three-chambered heart - two atria and one ventricle. The correct answer is 3.
5. Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart, pulmonary and skin respiration -
1. Amphibians
2. Cartilaginous fish
3. Mammals
4. Reptiles
Explanation: amphibians have a three-chambered heart - two atria and one ventricle, pulmonary respiration (in adults), very thin skin through which gas exchange occurs. The correct answer is 1.
Tasks for independent solution
1 Mammal Glands Are Modified Glands
1. Sweat
2. Sebaceous
3. Salivary
4. Endocrine
Answer: 1.
2. What part of the brain is most developed in mammals?
1. Forebrain
2. Cerebellum
3. Midbrain
4. Diencephalon
Answer: 1.
3. What feature of the structure of the circulatory organs of birds, providing a high level of metabolism, appeared in the process of evolution?
1. The presence of two circles of blood circulation
2. Complete separation of arterial and venous blood
3. Rhythmic work of the heart and automaticity
4. The presence of valves between the atria and ventricles
Answer: 2.
4. Snakes are different from lizards
1. The presence of a horny cover
2. Feeding on live prey
3. Merged transparent eyelids
4. The ability to hide in holes
Answer: 3.
5. Dry skin with horny scales or scutes covering the body
1. Amphibians
2. Reptiles
3. Cartilaginous fish
4. Bony fish
Answer: 2.
6. Among vertebrates, the most complex structure of the circulatory and nervous systems are
1. Cartilaginous and bony fish
2. Tailed and tailless amphibians
3. Aquatic reptiles
4. Birds and mammals
Answer: 4.
7. The growth of incisors throughout life is observed in
1. Weasels
2. Proteins
3. Cats
4. Mole
Answer: 2.
8. What is the difference between higher mammals and marsupials?
1. The development of the coat
2. The duration of intrauterine development
3. Feeding offspring with milk
4. Internal fertilization
Answer: 2.
9. Snakes can swallow prey many times their body diameter thanks to
1. Flattened head and wide mouth
2. A small number of teeth and a voluminous stomach
3. High mobility of the jaw bones
4. Large head and body sizes
Answer: 3.
10. The heart of a tadpole resembles a heart in structure.
1. Pisces
2. Clam
3. Reptile
4. Adult amphibian
Answer: 1.
11. In non-cranial animals, the skeleton
1. Bone
2. Cartilaginous
3. Consists of chitin
4. Represented by a chord
Answer: 4.
12. Feature of the cover of reptiles - the presence
1. Single layer epidermis
2. Horny scales
3. Chitinous cover
4. Skin glands
Answer: 2.
13. Despite the fact that the heart of crocodiles consists of four chambers, the cells of their body are supplied with blood.
1. Oxygenated
2. Venous
3. Saturated with carbon dioxide
4. Mixed
Answer: 4.
14. In vertebrates with a constant body temperature and a high level of metabolism, cells are supplied with blood
1. Venous
2. Mixed
3. Arterial
4. Rich in carbon dioxide
Answer: 3.
15. Internal skeleton is the main feature
1. Vertebrates
2. Insects
3. Shellfish
4. Arachnids
Answer: 1.
16. What vertebrates were the first true land animals?
1. Amphibians
2. Reptiles
3. Birds
4. Mammals
Answer: 2.
17. What feature of bird reproduction distinguishes them from reptiles?
1. The abundance of yolk in the egg
2. Laying eggs
3. Feeding offspring
4. Internal fertilization
Answer: 3.
18. The property of lizards, which allows them to avoid grasping by a predator, -
1. Tail drop
2. Well developed sense of smell
3. Absence of limbs in legless forms
4. Isolation of the cervical part of the body
Answer: 1.
19. In connection with landfall in amphibians
1. Sex cells have lost their supply of nutrients
2. Webbing has formed between the toes
3. The body has become streamlined
4. Movable eyelids appeared to protect the eyes
Answer: 4.
20. Which of the following signs indicates the complexity of the organization of mammals compared to reptiles?
1. Increased gas exchange surface in the lungs
2. Appearance of the internal skeleton
3. Change in the structure of the limbs
4. Increase in the number of body parts
Answer: 1.
21. In unfavorable periods of the year, reptiles
1. Actively shed skin
2. Undergo metamorphosis
3. Fall into a daze
4. Eat heavily
Answer: 3.
22. Choose one of the characteristics of the type of chordates
1. Nervous system in the form of a tube
2. Abdominal nerve cord
3. Single chamber heart
4. Five-fingered limbs
Answer: 1.
23. Establish a correspondence between the trait and the class of animals for which it is characteristic
Feature Animal class
A. Formation of a tarsus 1. Birds
B. Development of body hair 2. Mammals
B. Presence of sweat glands in the skin
D. Development of the placenta in most
D. Presence of the coccygeal gland
E. Formation of air sacs
Answer: 122211.
24. In dogs, cats and other mammals
1. Three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
2. Four-chambered heart
3. Arterial blood does not mix with venous
4. Arterial and venous blood are not completely separated
5. Metabolism is intense
6. Teeth are not differentiated
Answer: 235.
25. Establish a correspondence between the trait of an animal and the class to which it belongs
Animal trait Class
A. The skin is thin, mucous 1. Amphibians
B. Breathes with the help of 2. Reptiles
lungs and moist skin
B. Dry skin, respiratory organs - lungs
G. Three-chambered heart with incomplete
septum in the stomach
D. Three-chambered heart without
partitions in the stomach
E. Breeds in water
Answer: 112211.
26. Establish the sequence in which the sections are located in the spine of a mammal, starting with the cervical
1. Lumbar
2. Thoracic
3. tail
4. sacral
5. Neck
Answer: 52143.
27. By what signs did you determine the belonging of Archeopteryx to the class of birds?
1. The body is covered with feathers
2. On the forelimbs there are three fingers with claws
3. On the hind limbs, an elongated bone - tarsus
4. There are four fingers on the feet (three pointing forward, one pointing back)
5. Teeth on the jaws
6. The sternum is small, without a keel
Answer: 134.
28. Establish a correspondence between the representatives of vertebrates and the feature of their body temperature
Animals Feature body temperature
A. Waterfowl 1. Constant
B. Lungfish 2. Fickle
B. cetaceans
D. Tailed amphibians
D. Scaled reptiles
E. Great apes
Answer: 121221.
Author of the decision: Lunkova E. Yu.
The tasks are taken from the collection of tasks for preparing for the exam, edited by G. S. Kalinova.
slide 1
Topic: Diversity of the organic world. Classification of organisms. Tasks: To characterize the modern classification of living organisms. Discuss the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chapter XIII. Development of life on Earth Pimenov A.V. At home: preparation for the testslide 2
We have already met with the artificial system of K. Linnaeus, who divided all plants into 24 classes, and animals into 6 classes. Linnaeus was a metaphysician and believed that species are immutable. In his classification, the highest taxonomic unit was a class that united orders, orders consisted of genera, genera united species that were similar in certain characteristics. In addition, K. Linney firmly established the use of binary nomenclature in science. Latin names ensured mutual understanding of scientists from different countries. C. Linnaeus' classification The first attempts to classify living organisms did not reflect family ties between different species, artificial systems were created that were based on a small number of certain features.
slide 3
The theories of J. B. Lamarck and C. Darwin led to the development of a historical approach in biology, including systematics. They began to unite into one systematic category on the basis of the unity of origin, the classification became natural, that is, reflecting evolution and family ties. Modern systematics is based not only on external similarities, but also on data from molecular biology (the study of DNA, proteins), comparative anatomy, physiology, embryology, paleontology, and geographical distribution. natural classification
slide 4
Empire? Overlordship? Kingdom? Sub-kingdom? Type? Class? Squad? Family? Genus? View? Modern systematic categories
slide 5
slide 6
Slide 7
Bacteriophages Viruses are capable of infecting most existing living organisms, causing various diseases. Human viral diseases include: HIV, influenza, smallpox, rabies.
Slide 8
Artificial classification is characterized by .... The natural classification reflects…. Viruses belong to empire..., kingdom.... Viruses are characterized by... Viruses cause disease... Bacteriophages are viruses whose name translates as .... So:
Slide 9
slide 10
Prokaryotes are organisms that have a cellular structure, but do not have a nucleus. The bacterial cell is enclosed in a dense, rigid cell wall. The main component of the bacterial cell wall is the polysaccharide murein. Kingdom of Prokaryotes
slide 11
Bacteria are involved in the cycle of substances in nature, many bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen, thanks to these bacteria, the soil is enriched with nitrogen and plant productivity increases.
slide 12
slide 13
In higher plants, various tissues and organs appear, higher spores (bryophytes and ferns) reproduce by spores, and mobile gametes equipped with flagella are formed in the sexual generation.
slide 14
In higher seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms), water is not needed for reproduction; after pollination and fertilization, seeds are formed. Gametes (as a rule) do not have flagella. The cell wall contains cellulose, the reserve nutrient is starch.
slide 15
The kingdom Animals combines organisms with a heterotrophic type of nutrition, mobile, with limited growth. It is divided into sub-kingdoms Unicellular and Multicellular animals. Active movement led to the emergence of the nervous system and sensory organs in most multicellular animals.
Diversity of living organisms our planet is due to many factors. These are the levels of their organization: pre-cellular life forms (viruses and bacteriophages), pre-nuclear organisms (prokaryotes), unicellular eukaryotes (protests) and multicellular eukaryotes (representatives of fungi, flora and fauna). The variety of forms of organisms determines their habitat. They inhabit all environments - air, water, soil. Their sizes are different. Viruses and bacteria can be seen with an electron microscope, protists, some coelenterates, worms, and arthropods can be seen with a light microscope. Certain species of plants (baobab, sequoia) and animals (whales, giraffes) reach gigantic sizes. The problem of studying a huge mass of representatives of the organic world with its diversity requires systematics and the development of a certain classification.
Principles of systematics. Classification of living organisms. Main systematic categories. A species is an elementary unit of taxonomy.
Systematics- a branch of biology that develops a natural classification of organisms on the basis of family ties between individual groups in the light of their historical development.
Classification- this is a conditional grouping of a set of objects, phenomena, individuals according to any similar feature (or features) based on their relationship.
Natural classifications should reflect the natural order in nature, the relationships and interconnections of organisms, their origin, features of the external and internal structure, chemical composition, and features of life.
Carl Linnaeus, in his Species of Plants (1753), laid the foundations for the classification of plants, giving the concept of genus and species, and then order as a larger category.
Organisms are combined into systematic (taxonomic) groups, taking into account genealogical relationships, morphological features, methods of reproduction and development.
The elementary unit of classification is the species. View- this is a set of individuals that inhabit a certain territory (range), similar in structure, having a common origin, interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Species with similar characters are grouped into genera, genera into families, families into orders (orders), orders into classes. Classes refer to certain departments (types), departments - to sub-kingdoms, sub-kingdoms - to kingdoms.
For example: view— Cultural buckwheat, genus— Buckwheat, family— Buckwheat, order- buckwheat flowers, Class- Dicotyledonous, Department- flowery, sub-kingdom- higher plants kingdom- Plants.
The classification of K. Linnaeus was named binary (double) nomenclature. Each plant, regardless of the place of occurrence, has a constant name: the first is generic, the second is specific.
Kingdoms of living organisms
Currently allocate 5 kingdoms of wildlife: Bacteria (Drobyanki); Protista; Mushrooms; Plants; Animals.
Compiled by: biology teacher Marushenko E.A.
« Diversity of the organic world. Principles of systematics. Classification of organisms »
Target:
Deepen knowledge about the diversity of the organic world, introduce the scientific system and their classification. Show the principles of classification of living organisms.
Tasks:
Educational : Consider the origin of systematics, who was the founder, get acquainted with artificial and natural systems, consider cellular and extracellular life forms, expand knowledge about eukaryotes and prokaryotes.R developing : R develop skills: think logically, learn to analyze facts,think figuratively, write a short summary.
IN nurturing - to stimulate the development of cognitive interest in the science of biology, to cultivate the ability to connect theoretical material with the practice of life,continue the formation of motivation for learning activities; to continue the formation of ideas about the positive role of biology in life.
Reagents and equipment: Chalk, board, textbook.
Literature:
For the teacher: 1) Belyaev D.K., Dymshits G.M.
2) Dymshits G.M., Sablina O.V.Programs for educational institutions.Biology. 10-11 grades. - M.: "Enlightenment" 2012 .
For a student: Belyaev D.K., Dymshits G.M.Biology. 10-11 class. Basic level. 10-11 grade - M: "Enlightenment" 2012 - 205 p.
During the classes:
1. Organizational momentHello, have a seat. Opened diaries, wrote down homework§60 - 61, questions on pages 210 and 216 orally.
Write down homework.
2. Knowledge update
You were asked to answer the questions after the paragraph at home. Today I will not check how you coped with the task, I will check it at a generalizing lesson, i.e. in the next lesson.
3. Explanation of new material
Today in the lesson we will look at the topic "
Lesson Objective:deepen knowledge about the diversity of the organic world, introduce the scientific system and their classification. Show the principles of classification of living organisms.
Write down the topic of the lesson (the topic is written on the board).
As a result of the evolutionary process, a variety of forms of modern and fossil species of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms arose. Their classification, i.e., grouping according to similarity and kinship, is handled by a branch of biology called systematics.
The study of the diversity of the animal world is still far from complete. Findings of new species are possible even in the environment of such large animals as mammals. For example, in the fauna of Russia every 3-4 years a new species unknown to science is described. Let's say you're in the mid 50's. 20th century zoologist A.V. Ivanov discovered a new type of animal - pogonophora, open the textbook on page 208 fig. 83. In terms of scale, this discovery can be compared with the discovery of a new planet in the solar system.
1. The first question we will consider is
the emergence of systematics.
Who do you think was the founder of taxonomy?
He first proposed to classify organisms into species, genera and classes. He first distinguished the classes of mammals and birds, boldly combining monkeys and humans into one series of primates. However, Linnaeus did not claim that man descended from apes, but only noted their undoubted external similarity.
The great scientist devoted his whole life to the systematization of animate and inanimate nature. His main work is “The System of Nature”, in which he described a huge number of types of wounds and animals for that time.
Carl Linnaeus was the first to introduce into science the system of double Latin names of living organisms, the so-called binary nomenclature, which made it possible to establish order in the description of new species. The introduction of Latin for the scientific names of living organisms greatly facilitated the communication of scientists from different countries.
2.Artificial and natural systems.
If we need to establish order in the book depository, then we can start from a variety of principles. We can classify books, for example, by cover color or format. Such a classification of books is artificial, since it does not reflect the main thing - the content of books.
Do you think the Linnaean system was artificial or natural?
Right. He based the classification on the similarity of organisms according to some of the most easily distinguishable features.
But these similar features do not always mean their common origin. Linnaeus was not yet aware of very many scientific facts that make it possible to assess the degree of kinship of certain or other organisms. By combining plants according to the number of stamens, according to the nature of pollination, Linnaeus in a number of cases will create completely artificial groups. So, in the class of plants with five stamens, he combined carrots, flax, quinoa, bluebells, currants and viburnum. Due to differences in the number of stamens, the closest relatives, such as lingonberries and blueberries, fell into different classes. But in another class (monoecious plants), sedge, birch, oak, duckweed, nettle and spruce were found. However, despite these obvious miscalculations, the artificial system of Linnaeus played a huge role in the history of biology, as it helped to navigate in a huge variety of living beings.
C. Darwin, who showed that the cause of similarity may be a common origin, i.e. kinship. Since the time of Darwin, systematics has become an evolutionary science.
It must be said that the system of non-nuclear organisms remained artificial until the second half of the 20th century. This is due to the fact that scientists did not yet have at their disposal accurate methods for determining the degree of relationship of microorganisms. The use of modern methods of molecular biology made it possible to base the systematics of prokaryotes on the structure of their genomes. The results were impressive. It became obvious that many prokaryotes, previously united in those silts and other systematic groups, are not at all related to each other. The previously well-known group of extremophilic (what do you think this means?) prokaryotes turned out to be so different from bacteria that they had to be isolated into a separate kingdom - archaea. Previously included in the plant kingdom, blue-green algae turned out to be not plants at all, they constitute a sub-kingdom of cyanobacteria in the kingdom of bacteria. Here is a simplified scheme of subordination of systematic units used for natural classification:
SUBKINGDOM (unicellular. multicellular) TYPE (e.g. arthropods or chordates) CLASS (e.g. insects)
SQUAD (for example, butterflies)
GENUS (for example, whitefish)
We now turn to the consideration of the next paragraph, the classification of organisms.
3. There are two empires of nature. What do you think these empires are?
Right.
The vast majority of living organisms are made up of cells. Only a few of the simplest organisms - viruses and phages - do not have a cellular structure. According to this most important feature, all living things are divided into two empires - non-cellular (viruses and phages) and cellular, or carp from (from the Greek "karyon" - the core) (Fig. 84).
The non-cellular empire consists of a single kingdom - viruses.
The next life form iscellular life form , their division into non-nuclear and nuclear. The typical cell structure, characteristic of most organisms, did not arise immediately. In the cell of representatives of the most ancient of modern types of organisms, the cytoplasm and nuclear material with DNA are not yet separated from each other, there are no membrane organelles. According to the presence or absence of a nucleus, cellular organisms are divided into two kingdoms: non-nuclear (prokaryotes) and nuclear (eukaryotes).
Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are the simplest forms of cellular organisms.
A r x e i. - non-nuclear organisms, similar in size and shape of cells to bacteria, to which they were previously referred. However, in terms of the structure of the genome, the apparatus for protein synthesis, and cell membranes, they are very different from bacteria. Most archaea are extremophiles, living in conditions in which other living organisms cannot exist - at very high temperatures and pressures near deep-sea thermal springs, in saturated salt solutions, in very acidic or very alkaline reservoirs.
What do you think they are the source of?
bacteria. The kingdom of bacteria includes the sub-kingdoms of cyanobacteria and bacteria. Cyanobacteria used to be classified as plants and are still sometimes referred to as blue-green algae (Fig. 85). These are the oldest organisms on Earth. Cyanobacteria have played a huge role in the formation of soil and the modern atmosphere of the Earth. These included those ancient photosynthetic unicellular organisms that, having entered into symbiosis with other prokaryotes, became the ancestors of the chloroplasts of all currently existing green plants.
What role do true bacteria or eubacteria play?
Currently, many microorganisms are used for the industrial production of substances needed by humans, such as drugs. The microbiological industry has become an important industry.
Eukaryotes. All other organisms are classified as nuclear, or eukaryotes.
Now you will consider them yourself.
Divide into two groups, one group takes green plants on page 212, and the second mushrooms and animals on page 214. Write down the most important things. 7-10 minutes are given for work. Let's see how you can write a short summary of the question.
Get started.
Knowledge update
Listen.
Listen.
Write down the topic of the lesson.
Listen.
Recorded: Systematics deals withclassification, i.e. grouping by similarity and kinship, is handled by the branch of biology
Listen.
Open the textbook, look at the drawing and listen.
Answer:Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus.
Listen.
Write down:His main work - "The System of Nature", describes the species of plants and animals.
Listen.
Listen.
Answer:artificial.
Write down:He based the classification on the similarity of organisms according to some of the most easily distinguishable features.
Listen.
Listen.
Write down:The use of modern methods of molecular biology made it possible to base the systematics of prokaryotes on the structure of their genomes.
Listen.
Answer:ANDoperating under extreme conditions.
Listen.
Write down:EMPIRE (non-cellular and cellular) SUPERKINGDOM (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
KINGDOM (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, archaea, viruses)
SUBKINGDOM (unicellular. multicellular)
TYPE (e.g. arthropods or chordates)
CLASS (e.g. insects)
SQUAD (for example, butterflies)
FAMILY (for example, whites)
GENUS (for example, whitefish)
TYPE (for example, cabbage white)
Answer: Non-cellular and cellular forms of life.
Listen.
Write down:Non-cellular life forms are viruses and phages.
Listen.
Write down: Cellular life form.
Listen.
Write down:. According to the presence or absence of a nucleus, cellular organisms are divided into two kingdoms: non-nuclear (prokaryotes) and nuclear (eukaryotes).
Write down:The superkingdom of prokaryotes is divided into two kingdoms - archaea and bacteria.
listen
Answer:Some archaea, using various organic compounds as an energy source, produce methane, which is not characteristic of any other organisms.Methane-forming archaea, which are part of the intestinal microflora of some animals and humans, provide their hosts with vital vitamin B12.
Write down:The kingdom of bacteria includes the sub-kingdoms of cyanobacteria and bacteria.
Listen.
Write down:Among bacteria, a group of purple proteobacteria is distinguished, which include the prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria.
Answer:play a huge role in the biological cycle of substances in nature and human economic life. The production of curdled milk, acidophilus, cottage cheese, sour cream, cheeses, vinegar is unthinkable without the action of bacteria.
Listen.
Write down:Eukaryotes are divided into three kingdoms: green plants, fungi and animals.
Listen to the task.
Carry out the task.
Approximate response of the Green Plants group:
Green plants: 1. Autotrophic nutrition, very rarely heterotrophic
2. There are always plastids. Cells have an outer shell of cellulose.
3. The plant kingdom is divided into three sub-kingdoms:
3.1. Real algae are lower plants, unicellular and multicellular are found.
It is remarkable that in different types of algae there is a transition from unicellularity to multicellularity, to specialization and division of germ cells into male and female.
3.2. Red algae are multicellular organisms. The color of red algae is determined by the presence in their cells, in addition to chlorophyll, of red and blue pigments. They differ from real algae in that even male gametes - sperm are devoid of flagella and immobile.
3.3. Higher plants: include a group of plants that have a special vascular system through which mineral and organic substances are transported. They include spore - bryophyte, fern and seed - holo-seed, angiosperms (flowering).
Spore plants are the first of the green plants to come to land. However, their motile, flagellated gametes are able to move only in water.
The transition to seed propagation allowed plants to move away from the coast into the interior of the land.
The answer of the second group, mushrooms and animals:
Mushrooms. Among the mushrooms, a variety of forts are distinguished: bread mold, mold fungus penicillum, rust fungi, hat mushrooms, tinder fungi. General: the formation of the vegetative body of the fungus from thin branching threads that form the mycelium.
The group of lower eukaryotes includes lichens. This is a group of organisms that arose as a result of symbiosis. The body of a lichen is formed by a fungus in which cyanobacteria and green algae can live.
Animals : 1. heterotrophic organisms.
2. Actively extract organic substances by eating certain, as a rule, living organisms - it requires mobility.
3. The development of various organs of movement is connected with this.
4. There is a movable skeleton to which the muscles are attached. This is how the external chitinous skeleton of arthropods, the internal bone skeleton of vertebrates, arises.
5. The animal cell is devoid of a dense outer shell, retaining only the inner cytoplasmic membrane shell.
6. It breaks up into two subkingdoms: protozoa (or unicellular) and multicellular animals.
4. Fixing
Reflection on the material covered:
1. What science deals with the classification of organisms?
2. What is she doing?
3. What did Carl Linnaeus do all his life?
4. What is his main work?
5. What did he base the classification on?
6. Give examples of non-cellular life forms.
7. Give examples of cellular life forms.
Answer:
1. Systematics
2. Groups by similarity and kinship
3. The great scientist devoted his whole life to the systematization of animate and inanimate nature.
4. His main work is “The System of Nature”.
5. He based the classification on the similarity of organisms according to some of the most easily distinguishable features.
6. These are viruses and phages.
7. Prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria), eukaryotes (Green plants, fungi, animals).
5. Conclusion
In today's lesson, we covered the topic:Diversity of the organic world. Principles of systematics. Classification of organisms.
Consider the emergence of taxonomy, who was the founder; get acquainted with artificial and natural systems, consider cellular and extracellular life forms, expand knowledge about eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They also worked in groups and learned how to write a short summary.
Grading.
Thank you all for your attention, Goodbye!
Listening:
Say goodbye.
Technological map of the lesson
Item
Biology
Class
Grade 11
Lesson type
Lesson learning new material
lesson technology
Technology for the development of critical thinking
Subject
Diversity of the organic world. Principles of taxonomy
Target
Create conditions for the formation of knowledge about the diversity of the organic world and the principles of taxonomy
Tasks
Educational: to expand knowledge about the diversity of the organic world and the principles of systematics
Developing: development of independent activity, strengthening the activation and motivation of learning, analyze, draw conclusions, develop creative and communication skills
Educational: develop speech culture, cultivate a culture of communication
Educational Resources
http: //School-collection.edu.ru
Equipment
Multimedia projector, PC, whiteboard
Visual and demonstration material
Presentation "Classification of living organisms"
Lesson "Development of life on Earth"
Lesson stages
Formed Skills
Teacher activity
Student activities
1. Motivation for learning activities
The teacher asks you to answer the following homework questions:
1. Distribute living organisms by era.
2. When did Arthropods appear? (Cambrian)
3. In what period does seed reproduction appear - the largest aromorphosis, which made it possible to move deep into the continents (Stoney, Carboniferous)
4. When does the person appear? (anthropogen)
The students answer the teacher's questions.
2. Updating knowledge
Personal: self-determination
Regulatory: goal setting
Communicative : planning learning collaboration with teacher and peers
Communicative:
Ability to listen and engage in dialogue
The teacher proposes to determine the topic of the lesson and the purpose of the lesson.
Determine the topic of the lesson.
Purpose: To study the diversity of living organisms and their classification
3. Problematic explanation of new material
Communicative
The teacher offers to answer the questions that are prepared in the handout by the teacher. Section "Before"
Students complete the table, section "Before"
Group work
Cognitive: formation of the ability to navigate in the textbook, find and use the necessary information
Communicative : the ability to listen to other people, to participate in a collective discussion
Teacher,proposes to apply Tothe text of the textbook p.207 and fill in the table by dividing the notebook page into two parts: Artificial and natural taxonomy
Students study the pp textbook, make a table
4. Primary fastening
Reflection: differentiated tasks
Regulatory: follow the established rules in planning
Communicative : the ability to listen to other people, to participate in a collective discussion
The teacher invites the groups to voice what is written, gives the floor to 1 group
The teacher proposes to return to the text of the textbook again, to consider the main systematic units used for natural classification
The teacher gives the floor to group 2.
The teacher turns to the presentation, summarizes the material presented by the students.
As a reflection, the teacher suggests filling out the table part "After"
Homework Paragraph 60.61, answer question no. 4 for those who want to get "5"
Students voice the features of the systematics of Linnaeus and Darwin
Students consider systematic units, write them out in a notebook.
Students complete the "After" section
